谢邀…… 个人对数据库的理解是：数据（Data）、事务（Tx）和数据库系统(DBMS)，DBA的职责就是确保这三个要素的正确运行和管理，三者缺一不可 Databases are data.

1、 Data is the collection of facts that describe entities and their relationships to each other. In this sense， a database is any storage area (physical or logical)， where structured information can be found and retrieved at will by one or more processes in order to accomplish a given goal/task (for example， transaction processing). In computing， there exist many different kinds of databases for storing diverse types of informations， but all databases have three common properties as follows： 1）data structure 2）processing model 3）access method

2、 Transaction Processing Model A Tx is an operation on the set of data maintained in the DB， with specified transaction attributes such as isolation level、concurrency control、undo等. A TX consists of atomic operations called transactions， i.e， read-modify-write operations supported by the underlying physical access mechanism. The transaction execution model guarantees consistency of data， durability of updates， and atomicity across multiple transactions， while maintaining low overhead cost. Conceptually， the term “transaction” refers to both individual actions， e.g.， updating some records， deleting others， and concurrently executing two or more related transactions within certain limits on resource usage and time. Transactions make it possible to perform complex operations involving large sets of data in a coordinated way without risking data loss， corruption， or runaway processing costs．

3、 Database Management Systems DBMSs provide tools and methods for managing a variety of aspects of database systems， including administration， security， replication， migration， performance tuning， disaster recovery， and so on

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